Works of John Bunyan: JUSTIFICATION BY AN IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS; SAVED BY GRACE. 358

 

QUEST. I.—WHAT IS IT TO BE SAVED?

1. That all the power and policy, malice and rage, of the devils and hell itself are against us. Any man who understands this will conclude that to be saved is no small thing. The devil is called a god, a prince, a lion, a roaring lion; it is said that he hath death and the power of it, &c. But what can a poor creature, whose habitation is in the flesh, do against a god, a prince, a roaring lion, and the power of death itself? Our perseverance, therefore, lies in the power of God; "the gates of hell shall not prevail against it."

2. All the world is against him that shall be saved. But what is one poor creature to all the world, especially if you consider that with the world is terror, fear, power, majesty, laws, jails, gibbets, hangings, burnings, drownings, starving, banishments, and a thousand kinds of deaths? (1 John 5:4,5; John 16:33).

3. Add to this that all the corruptions that dwell in our flesh are against us and that not only in their nature and being, but they lust against us and war against us to "bring us into captivity to the law of sin and death" (Gal 5:17; 1 Peter 2:11; Rom 7:23).

4. All the delusions in the world are against them that shall be saved, many of which are so cunningly woven, so plausibly handled, so rarely5 polished with Scripture and reason, that it is ten thousand wonders that the elect are not swallowed up with them; and swallowed up they would be, were they not elect, and was not God himself engaged, either by power to keep them from falling, or by grace to pardon if they fall, and to lift them up again (Matt 24:24; Eph 4:14; Rom 3:12).

5. Every fall of the saved is against the salvation of his soul, but a Christian has once fallen rise not but as helped by Omnipotent power—"O Israel, thou hast fallen by thine iniquity," "but in me is thy help," says God (Hosea 13:9; 14:1; Psa 37:23).

Christians were you awake, there would be a matter of wonder to you to see a man assaulted with all the power of hell and yet to come off a conqueror! Is it not a wonder to see a poor creature, weaker than the moth, stand against and overcome all devils, all the world, all his lusts, and corruptions? (Job 4:19). Or if he falls, is it not a wonder to see him, when devils and guilt are upon him, to rise again, stand upon his feet again, walk with God again, and persevere after all this in the faith and holiness of the gospel? He that knows himself wonders; he that knows temptation wonders; he that knows what falls and guilt mean wonders; indeed, perseverance is a wonderful thing and is managed by the power of God, for he only "can keep you from falling, and present you faultless before the presence of his glory with exceeding joy" (Jude 24). Those of the children of Israel who went from Egypt and entered the land of Canaan, how came they thither? Why, the text says, that "as an eagle spread abroad her wings, so the Lord alone did lead them." And again, "he bore them, and carried them all the days of old" (Deu 32:11,12; Isa 63:9). David also tells us that mercy and goodness should follow him all the days of his life, and so he should dwell in the house of the Lord forever (Psa 23:6). Fifth. To be saved calls for more than all this; he that is saved must, when this world can hold him no longer, have safe conduct to heaven, for that is the place where they that are saved must to the full enjoy their salvation. This heaven is called "the end of our faith" because it is that which faith looks at; as Peter says, "Receiving the end of your faith, even the salvation of your souls." And again, "But we are not of them who draw back unto perdition; but of them that believe to the saving of the soul" (1 Peter 1:9; Heb 10:39). For, as I said, heaven is the place for the saved to enjoy their salvation in, with that perfect gladness that is not attainable here. Here, we are saved by faith and hope of glory, but we who are saved shall enjoy the end of our faith and hope, even the salvation of our souls. There is "Mount Zion, the heavenly Jerusalem, the general assembly and church of the firstborn;" there is the "innumerable company of angels, and the spirits of just men made perfect;" there is "God the judge of all, and Jesus the Mediator of the new covenant;" there shall our soul have as much of heaven as it is capable of enjoying, and that without intermission; wherefore, when we come there we shall be saved indeed! But now, for a poor creature to be brought hither, this is the life of the point. But how shall I come hither? There are heights and depths to hinder (Rom 8:38,39).

Suppose the poor Christian is now upon a sick-bed, beset with a thousand fears, and ten thousand at the end of that; sick-bed fears! And they are sometimes dreadful ones; fears that are begotten by the review of the sin, perhaps, of forty years' profession; fears that are begotten by dreadful and fearful suggestions of the devil, the sight of death, and the grave, and it may be of hell itself; fears that are begotten by the withdrawing and silence of God and Christ, and by, it may be, the appearance of the devil himself; some of these made David cry, "O spare me" a little, "that I may recover strength before I go hence, and be no more" (Psa 39:13). "The sorrows of death," said he, "compassed me, and the pains of hell gat hold upon me; I found trouble and sorrow" (Psa 116:3). These things, in another place, he calls the bands that the godly have in their death, and the plagues that others are not aware of. "They are not in trouble as other men; neither are they plagued like other men" (Psa 73:9). But now, out of all these, the Lord will save his people; not one sin, nor fear, nor devil shall hinder; nor the grave nor hell disappoint thee. But how must this be? Why, thou must have a safe conduct to heaven? 6 What conduct? Conduct of angels: "Are they, not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation?" (Heb 1:14).

Works of John Bunyan: JUSTIFICATION BY AN IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS; SAVED BY GRACE. 357

 

QUEST. I.—WHAT IS IT TO BE SAVED?

Third. To be saved is to be brought to, and helped to lay hold on, Jesus Christ by faith. And this is called saving by grace through faith. "For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God" (Eph 2:8).

1. They must be brought unto Christ, yea, drawn unto him; for "no man," saith Christ, "can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him" (John 6:44). Men, even the elect, have too many infirmities to come to Christ without help from heaven; inviting will not do. "As they called them, so they went from them," therefore he "drew them with cords" (Hosea 11:2,4).

2. As they must be brought to, so they must be helped to lay hold on Christ by faith; for as coming to Christ, so faith, is not in our own power; therefore we are said to be raised up with him "through the faith of the operation of God." And again, we are said to believe, "according to the working of his mighty power, which he wrought in Christ, when he raised him from the dead" (Col 2:12; Eph 1:19,20). Now, we are said to be saved by faith because, by faith, we lay hold of, venture upon, and put on Jesus Christ for life. For life, I say, because God has made him the Saviour, hath given him life to communicate to sinners. The life that he communicates to them is the merit of his flesh and blood, which whoso eat and drink by faith, hath eternal life because that flesh and blood hath merit in it sufficient to obtain God's favor. Yea, it hath done so [since] that day it was offered through the eternal Spirit a sacrifice of a sweet-smelling savor to him; wherefore God imputed the righteousness of Christ to him that believeth in him, by which righteousness he is personally justified, and saved from that just judgment of the law that was due unto him (John 5:26, 6:53-58; Eph 4:32; 5:2; Rom 4:23-25).

"Saved by faith." Although salvation begins in God's purpose and comes to us through Christ's righteousness, faith is not exempted from having a hand in saving us. It is not that it merited aught, but is given by God to those he saved, so they may embrace and put on that Christ by whose righteousness they must be saved. Wherefore this faith is that which here distinguished them that shall be saved from them that shall be damned. Hence it is said, "He that believeth not, shall be damned"; and hence again, it is that the believers are called "the children, the heirs, and the blessed with faithful Abraham;" that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to them that believe (Gal 3:6-9,26; Rom 4:13,14).

And here, let Christians warily distinguish between the meritorious and the instrumental cause of their justification. Christ, with what he hath done and suffered, is the meritorious cause of our justification; therefore, he is said to be made to us of God, "wisdom and righteousness," and we are said to be "justified by his blood, and saved from wrath through him," for it was his life and blood that was the price of our redemption (1 Cor 1:30; Rom 5:9,10). "Redeemed," says Peter, "not with corruptible things, as silver and gold," alluding to the redemption of money under the law, "but with the precious blood of Christ." Thou art, therefore, as I have said, to make Christ Jesus the object of thy faith for justification; for by his righteousness thy sins must be covered from the sight of the justice of the law. "Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved." "For he shall save his people from their sins" (Acts 16:31; Matt 1:21).

Fourth. To be saved is to be preserved in the faith to the end. "He that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved" (Matt 24:13). Not that perseverance is an accident in Christianity or a thing performed by human industry; they that are saved "are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation" (1 Peter 1:3-6).

But perseverance is absolutely necessary to the complete saving of the soul because he that falleth short of the state that they that are saved are possessed of, as saved, cannot arrive at that saved state. He that goes to sea with a purpose to arrive at Spain cannot arrive there if he is drowned by the way; wherefore perseverance is absolutely necessary to the saving of the soul, and therefore it is included in the complete saving of us—"Israel shall be saved in the Lord with an everlasting salvation: ye shall not be ashamed nor confounded world without end" (Isa 45:17). Perseverance is here made absolutely necessary to the complete saving of the soul.

But, as I said, this part of salvation depended not upon human power, but upon him that hath begun a good work in us (Phil 1:6). This part, therefore, of our salvation is great and calleth for no less than the power of God for our help to perform it, as will be easily granted by all those that consider—

Works of John Bunyan: JUSTIFICATION BY AN IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS; SAVED BY GRACE. 356

 

QUEST. I.—WHAT IS IT TO BE SAVED?

Second. As we may be said to be saved for the purpose of God before the foundation of the world, we may be said to be saved before we are converted or called to Christ. And hence "saved" is put before "called"; "he hath saved us, and called us"; he saith not, he hath called us, and saved us; but he puts saving before calling (2 Tim 1:9). So again, we are said to be "preserved in Christ and called"; he saith not, called and preserved (Jude 1). And therefore God saith again, "I will pardon them whom I reserve"—that is, as Paul expounds it, those whom I have "elected and kept," and this part of salvation is accomplished through the forbearance of God (Jer 50:20; Rom 11:4,5). God bears with his own elect, for Christ's sake, all the time of their unregeneracy until the time he has appointed for their conversion. The sins we committed before conversion, had the judgment due to them been executed upon us, we had not now been in the world to partake of a heavenly calling. But the judgment due to them hath been by the patience of God prevented, and we saved all the time of our ungodly and unconverted state, from that death, and those many hells, that for our sins we deserved at the hands of God.

And here lies the reason that long life is granted to the elect before conversion and that all the sins they commit and all the judgments they deserve cannot drive them out of the world before conversion. Manasseh, you know, was a great sinner, and for the trespass which he committed, he was driven from his own land and carried to Babylon; but kill him they could not, though his sins had deserved death ten thousand times. But what was the reason? He was not yet called; God had chosen him in Christ and laid up a stock of grace, which must be given to Manasseh before he dies; therefore, Manasseh must be convinced, converted, and saved. That legion of devils that were in the possessed, with all the sins which he had committed in the time of his unregeneracy, could not take away his life before his conversion (Mark 5). How many times was that poor creature, as we may easily conjecture, assaulted for his life by the devils that were in him, yet could they not kill him, yea. However, his dwelling was near the sea-side, and the devils had power to drive him too, yet could they not drive him further than the mountains that were by the sea-side; yea, they could help him often to break his chains and fetters, and could also make him as mad as a bedlam, 3 they could also prevail with him to separate from men, and cut himself with stones, but kill him they could not, drown him they could not; he was saved to be called; he was, notwithstanding all this, preserved in Christ, and called. As it is said of the young lad in the gospel, he was by the devil cast oft into the fire, and oft into the water, to destroy him, but it could not be; even so hath he served others, but they must be "saved to be called" (Mark 9:22). How many deaths have some been delivered from and saved out of before conversion! Some have fallen into rivers, some into wells, some into the sea, some into the hands of men; yea, they have been justly arraigned and condemned, as the thief upon the cross, but must not die before they have been converted. They were preserved in Christ and called.

Called Christian, how many times have thy sins laid thee upon a sick bed, and, to thine and others' thinking, at the very mouth of the grave? Yet God said concerning thee, Let him live, for he is not yet converted. Behold, therefore, that the elect are saved before they are called. "God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he loved us, even when we were dead in sins," hath preserved us in Christ, and called us (Eph 2:4,5).

Now, this "saving" of us arises from six causes. 1. God has chosen us for salvation and will not frustrate his purposes (1 Thess 5:9). 2. God has given us to Christ, and his gift and calling are without repentance (Rom 11:29; John 6:37). 3. Christ hath purchased us with his blood (Rom 5:8,9). 4. They are, by God, counted in Christ before they are converted (Eph 1:3,4). 5. They are ordained before conversion to eternal life; yea, to be called, justified, and glorified; therefore, all this must come upon them (Rom 8:29,30). 6. For all this, he hath also appointed them their portion and measure of grace, and that before the world began; therefore, that they may partake of all these privileges, they are saved and called, preserved in Christ, and called.

Works of John Bunyan: JUSTIFICATION BY AN IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS; SAVED BY GRACE. 355

 

QUEST. I.—WHAT IS IT TO BE SAVED?

This question supposed that there is such a thing as damnation due to man for sin, for to save supposed the person to be saved to be in a sad condition; saving, to him that is not lost, signifies nothing, neither is it anything in itself. "To save, to redeem, to deliver" are in the general terms equivalent, and they all of them suppose us to be in a state of thralldom and misery; therefore, this word "saved," in the sense that the apostle here doth use it, is a word of great worth, forasmuch as the miseries from which we are saved is the misery of all most dreadful.

The miseries from which they that shall be saved shall by their salvation be delivered are dreadful; they are no less than sin, the curse of God, and flames of hell forever. What is more abominable than sin? What is more insupportable than the dreadful wrath of an angry God? And what more fearful than the bottomless pit of hell? What more fearful than to be tormented there for ever with the devil and his angels? Now, to "save," according to my text, is to deliver the sinner from these, with all things else that attend them. And although sinners may think that it is no hard matter to answer this question, I must tell you no man can feelingly know what it is to be saved, that knows not experimentally something of the dread of these three things, as is evident, because all others do even by their practice count it a thing of no great concern, when yet it is of all other of the highest concern among men; "For what is a man profited if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?" (Matt 16:26).

But, I say, if this word "saved" concluded our deliverance from sin, how can he tell what it is to be saved that hath not in his conscience groaned under the burden of sin? Yeah, it is impossible else that he should ever cry out with all his heart, "Men and brethren, what shall we do?"—that is, do to be saved (Acts 2:37). The man that hath no sores or aches cannot know the virtue of the salve; I mean, not know it from his own experience, and therefore cannot prize, nor have that esteem of it, as he that hath received cure thereby. Clap a plaster to a good place, and that maketh, not its virtue of appearing; neither can he to whose flesh it is so applied, by that application understand its worth. Sinners, you, I mean, that are not wounded with guilt and oppressed with the burden of sin, you cannot—I will repeat it—you cannot know, in this senseless condition of yours, what it is to be saved.

Again, this word "saved," as I said, concludes deliverance from the wrath of God. How, then, can he tell what it is to be saved that hath not felt the burden of the wrath of God? He—he that is astonished by, and that trembled at, the wrath of God—he knows best what it is to be saved (Acts 16:29).

Further, the word "saved" concluded deliverance from death and hell. How, then, can he tell what it is to be saved that never was sensible of the sorrows of the one nor distressed with the pains of the other? The Psalmist says, "The sorrows of death compassed me, and the pains of hell gat hold upon me: I found trouble and sorrow. Then called I upon the name of the Lord"—(mark, then), "then called I upon the name of the Lord; O Lord, I beseech thee, deliver my soul,"—then, in my distress. When he knew what it was to be saved, he called because, I say, he knew what it was to be saved (Psa 18:4,5; 116:3,4). I say this is the man, and this only, that knows what it is to be saved. And this is evident, as is manifest by the little regard that the rest have for saving or the little dread they have of damnation. Where is he that seeks and groans for salvation? Where is he that hath taken his flight for salvation because of the dread of the wrath to come? "O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?" (Matt 3:7). Alas! Do not the most set light by salvation?—as for sin, how do they love it, embrace it, please themselves with it, hide it within their mouth, and keep it close under their tongue. Besides, for the wrath of God, they feel it not, they fly not from it; and for hell, it becomes a doubt to many, if there be any, and a mock to those whose doubt is resolved by atheism.

But to come to the question—What is it to be saved? To be saved may either respect salvation in the whole of it, salvation in the parts of it, or both. I think this text respected both—to wit, salvation completing, and salvation completed, for "to save" is a work of many steps; or, to be as plain as possible, "to save" is a work that hath its beginning before the world began, and shall not be completed before it is ended.

First, then, we may be said to be saved in the purpose of God before the world began. The apostle saith, "he saved us, and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began" (2 Tim 1:9). This is the beginning of salvation. According to this beginning, all things concur and fall to a conclusion: "He hath saved us according to his eternal purpose, which he purposed in Christ Jesus." In this saving, God may be said to save us by determining to make those means effectual for the blessed completion of our salvation; hence, we are said "to be chosen in Christ to salvation." And again, that he hath in that choice given us that grace that shall complete our salvation. Yea, the text is very full, "He hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ, according as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world" (Eph 1:3,4).

Works of John Bunyan: JUSTIFICATION BY AN IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS; SAVED BY GRACE. 354

 

I. WHAT IT IS TO BE SAVED.

SAVED BY GRACE.

"BY GRACE YE ARE SAVED."—EPHESIANS 2:5.

In the first chapter, from the fourth to the twelfth verse, the apostle is treating the doctrine of election concerning the act itself, the end, and the means conducing to it. The act, he tells us, was God's free choice of some (verses 4,5,11). The end was God's glory in their salvation (verse 6,14). The means conducing to that end was Jesus Christ himself—"In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace" (verse 7). This done, he treated the subjection of the Ephesians to the faith, as it was held forth to them in the Word of the truth of the gospel, as also of their being sealed by the Holy Spirit of God unto the day of redemption (verse 12-14). Moreover, he told them how he gave thanks to God for them, making mention of them in his prayers, even that he would make them see "what is the hope of his calling, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints, and what is the exceeding greatness of his power to usward who believe, according to the working of his mighty power, which he wrought in Christ when he raised him from the dead," &c. (verse 15-20).

And lest the Ephesians, at the hearing of these their so many privileges, should forget how little they deserved them, he tells them that in time past they were dead in trespasses and sins, and that then they walked in them "according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience" (Eph 2:2,3).

Having thus called them back to the remembrance of themselves—to wit, what they were in their state of unregeneracy, he proceeded to show them that their first quickening was by the resurrection of Christ their Head, in whom they before were chosen, and that by him they were already set down in heavenly places, (verse 5,6); inserting, by the way, the true cause of all this blessedness, with what else should be by us enjoyed in another world; and that is, the love and grace of God: "But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he loved us, even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ [by grace ye are saved]." These last words are seen to be the apostle's conclusion rightly drawn from the premises, as who should say, If you Ephesians were indeed dead in trespasses and sins; if indeed you were by nature the children of wrath, even as others, then you deserve no more than others.

Again, if God hath chosen you, justified and saved you by his Christ, and left others as good as you by nature to perish in their sins, then the true cause of this your blessed condition is the free grace of God. But just thus it is, therefore by grace ye are saved; therefore all the good which you enjoy more than others, it is of mere goodwill.

"BY GRACE YE ARE SAVED."

The method that I shall choose to discourse upon these words shall be this—I will propound certain questions upon the words and direct particular answers to them, in which answers I hope I shall also answer, somewhat at least, the expectation of the godly and conscientious reader, and so shall draw towards a conclusion.

Works of John Bunyan: JUSTIFICATION BY AN IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS; SAVED BY GRACE. 353

 

THIS admirable Treatise upon the most important of all subjects, that of the soul’s salvation, was first published in a pocket volume in 1675. This has become rare but is inserted in every edition of the author’s collected works. Our copy is reprinted from the first edition published after the author’s decease, in a small folio volume of his works, 1691. Although it is somewhat encumbered with subdivisions, it is plain, practical, and written in Bunyan’s strong and energetic style, calculated to excite the deepest attention and to fix the mind upon those solemn realities that alone can unite earth with heaven.

Ho extensive means that little sentence, ‘Saved by Grace!’ It includes in it redemption from the curse of sin, which oppresses the poor sinner with the fears of everlasting burnings, while it elevates the body, soul, and spirit to an eternal and exceeding weight of glory—to the possession of infinite treasures, inconceivable, and that never fade away.

In opening and deeply investigating this subject, Bunyan shows his master hand in every page. It was a subject which, from his first conviction of sin while playing a gat at the cat on a Sunday, excited his feelings intensely, absorbing all the powers of his soul. It was eminently to him the one thing needful—the sum and substance of human happiness. He felt that it included the preservation and re-structure of the body—raised from filth and vileness—from sickness, pain, and disease—from death and the grave—to be perfected in immortality like the Saviour’s glorious body. That included in this salvation is the death of death and the swallowing up of the grave, to be no more seen forever. The soul will be perfect and, reunited with the body, be filled ‘with bliss and glory, as much as ever it can hold;’ all jars and discord between soul and body will be finished, and the perfect man be clothed with righteousness; in a word, be like Christ and with him. All this is the work of grace performed by the ever-blessed Trinity.

In displaying the feelings and experience of the inquiring, alarmed, quickened sinner, we are instructed by a continual illustration of the Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners. He manifests profound knowledge of the devices of Satan—the workings of unbelief—the difficulties thrown by the wicked one in the way of the sinner to prevent his approach to Christ. He fastens conviction upon conviction and gives blow upon blow to human pride, proving that nothing in our fallen nature can be found to recommend the sinner to God—all is of grace—from the foundation to the top stone of a sinner’s salvation. Above all, he clearly shows that salvation by grace is the most sin-killing doctrine in the world and the most consoling tidings that can be brought to a sin-sick soul. ‘O, when a God of grace is upon a throne of grace, and a poor sinner stands by and begs for grace, and that in the name of a gracious Christ, in and by the help of the Spirit of grace, can it be otherwise but that such a sinner must obtain mercy and grace to help in time of need? O, then, COME BOLDLY!’

But I must not detain the reader from entering upon this solemn subject, only for a moment, while I quote another passage conceived in all the ardor of Bunyan’s feelings:—’ O Son of God! Grace was in all thy tears—grace came out where the. Whip smote thee, where the thorns pricked thee, where the nails and spear pierced thee! O blessed Son of God! Here is grace indeed!’ Unsearchable riches of grace! Grace to make angels wonder, grace to make sinners happy, grace to astonish devils! And what will become of them that trample this Son of God underfoot?’

In this little book thou art presented with a discourse of the GRACE of God, and of salvation by that grace. In which discourse, thou shalt find how each Person in the Godhead doth his part in the sinner’s salvation. I. The Father put forth his grace, thus. II. The Son put forth his grace, thus. III. And the Spirit put forth his grace, thus. Which things thou shalt find here particularly handled.

Thou shalt also find, in this small treatise, the way of God with the sinner, as to his CONVERSATION, 1 and the way of the sinner with God in the same; where[in] the grace of God, and the wickedness of the sinner, do greatly show themselves.

If thou finds me short in things, impute that [to] my love to brevity. If thou finds beside the truth in aught, impute that to my infirmity. But if thou finds anything here that served to thy furtherance and joy of faith, impute that to the mercy of God bestowed on thee and me.

Thine to serve thee with that little I have, J.B.

Works of John Bunyan: JUSTIFICATION BY AN IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS; SAVED BY GRACE. 352

 

THIS admirable Treatise upon the most important of all subjects, that of the soul's salvation, was first published in a pocket volume in 1675. This has become rare but is inserted in every edition of the author's collected works. Our copy is reprinted from the first edition published after the author's decease, in a small folio volume of his works, 1691. Although it is somewhat encumbered with subdivisions, it is plain, practical, and written in Bunyan's strong and energetic style, calculated to excite the deepest attention and to fix the mind upon those solemn realities that alone can unite earth with heaven.

How extensive is the meaning of that little sentence, 'Saved by Grace!' It includes in it redemption from the curse of sin, which oppresses the poor sinner with the fears of everlasting burnings, while it elevates the body, soul, and spirit to an eternal and exceeding weight of glory—to the possession of infinite treasures, inconceivable, and that never fade away.

In opening and deeply investigating this subject, Bunyan shows his master hand in every page. It was a subject which, from his first conviction of sin while playing a gat at a cat on a Sunday, had excited his feelings intensely, absorbing all the powers of his soul. It was eminently to him the one thing needful—the sum and substance of human happiness. He felt that it included the preservation and re-structure of the body—raised from filth and vileness—from sickness, pain, and disease—from death and the grave—to be perfected in immortality like the Saviour's glorious body. That included in this salvation is the death of death and the swallowing up of the grave, to be no more seen forever. The soul will be perfect and, reunited with the body, be filled 'with bliss and glory, as much as ever it can hold;' all jars and discord between soul and body will be finished, and the perfect man be clothed with righteousness; in a word, be like Christ and with him. All this is the work of grace performed by the ever-blessed Trinity.

In displaying the feelings and experience of the inquiring, alarmed, quickened sinner, we are instructed by a continual illustration of the Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners. He manifests profound knowledge of the devices of Satan—the workings of unbelief—the difficulties thrown by the wicked one in the way of the sinner to prevent his approach to Christ. He fastens conviction upon conviction and gives blow upon blow to human pride, proving that nothing in our fallen nature can be found to recommend the sinner to God—all is of grace—from the foundation to the top stone of a sinner's salvation. Above all, he clearly shows that salvation by grace is the most sin-killing doctrine in the world and the most consoling tidings that can be brought to a sin-sick soul. 'O, when a God of grace is upon a throne of grace, and a poor sinner stands by and begs for grace, and that in the name of a gracious Christ, in and by the help of the Spirit of grace, can it be otherwise but that such a sinner must obtain mercy and grace to help in time of need? O, then, COME BOLDLY!'

But I must not detain the reader from entering upon this solemn subject, only for a moment, while I quote another passage conceived in all the ardor of Bunyan's feelings:—' O Son of God! Grace was in all thy tears—grace came out where the. Whip smote thee, where the thorns pricked thee, where the nails and spear pierced thee! O blessed Son of God! Here is grace indeed!' Unsearchable riches of grace! Grace to make angels wonder, make sinners happy, and astonish devils! And what will become of them that trample underfoot this Son of God?'

Works of John Bunyan: JUSTIFICATION BY AN IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS; OR, A WORD TO NEGLECTERS OF CHRIST. 351

 

Before I conclude this use, I would lay down a few motives, if so be thou mayest be prevailed with to look after thine own everlasting state.

1. Consider, God hath put man above all the creatures in this visible world, into a state of abiding forever; they cannot be annihilated, they shall never again be turned into nothing but must live with God or the devil forever and ever. And though the scripture saith, 'Man hath no pre-eminence over a beast in his death,' yet the beast hath pre-eminence above many men, for he shall not rise again to come into judgment as man must, nor receive that dismal sentence for sin and transgression as man shall; this, therefore, is worthy to be considered with seriousness of all that have souls to be saved or damned—'They must one day come to judgment,' there to stand before that Judge of all the earth whose eyes are like a flame of fire, from the sight of which thou canst not hide one of thy words, or thoughts, or actions, because thou wants the righteousness of God. The fire of his justice shall burn up all thy rags of righteousness wherewith by the law thou hast clothed thyself and will leave thee nothing but a soul full of sin to bemoan and eternal burnings to grapple with. O the burnings that will then beset sinners on every side, and that will eat their flesh and torment their spirit with far more terror than if they were stricken with scorpions! And observe it; the torment will be higher than others where there is the guilt of neglecting Jesus Christ; he is indeed the Saviour, and he was sent to deliver men from the wrath to come.

2. Consider once past grace and ever past grace. When the door is shut against thee, it will open no more, and then repenting, desires, wishing, and inclinations come all too late (Luke 13). Good may be done to others, but to thee, none; and this shall be because, even because thou hast withstood the time of thy visitation, and not received grace when offered: 'My God will cast them away because they did not hearken unto him' (Luke 19:41-43; Hosea 9:17). Cain was driven out from the presence of God, for aught I know, some hundreds of years before his death; Ishmael has cast away after seventeen years of age; Esau lived thirty or forty years after he had sold his birthright. Oh! Many, very many are in this condition! Though God is gracious, he will not always be slighted or abused; there are plenty of sinners in the world—if one will not, another will. Christ was soon repulsed by and sent away from the country of the Gadarenes, but on the other side of the sea, many were ready with joy to receive him (Luke 8:37,40). So, when the Jews contradicted and blasphemed, 'the Gentiles gladly received the word' (Acts 13:46-48). Look to it, sinner, here is life and death set before thee; life, if it is not too late to receive it; but if it be, it is not too late for death to swallow thee up. And tell me, will it not be dreadful to be carried from under the gospel to the damned, there to lie in endless torment, because thou wouldst not be delivered therefrom? Will it be comfort to thee to see the Saviour turn Judge? To see him that wept and died for the sin of the world now ease his mind on Christ-abhorring sinners by rendering them the just judgment of God? For all their abominable filthiness, had they closed with Christ, they had been shrouded from the justice of the law and should not have come into condemnation. 'But had been passed from death to life'; but they would not take shelter there; they would venture to meet the justice of God in its fury, wherefore now it shall swallow them up forever and ever. And let me ask further, is not he a madman who, being loaded with combustible matter, will run headlong into the fire upon a bravado? Or that, being guilty of felony or murder, will desperately run himself into the hand of the officer, as if the law, the judge, the sentence, execution, were but a jest, or a thing to be played withal? And yet thus mad are poor, wretched, miserable sinners, who, flying from Christ as if he were a viper, are overcome and cast off forever by the just judgment of the law. But ah! How poorly will these be able to plead the virtues of the law to which they have cleaved when God shall answer them, 'Whom dost thou pass in beauty? Go down, and be thou laid with the uncircumcised' (Eze 32:19). Go down to hell, and there be laid with those that refused the grace of God.

Sinners take my advice, with which I shall conclude this use—Call often to remembrance that thou hast a precious soul within thee; that thou art on the way to the end, at which thy precious soul will be in special concern; it is then time to delay no longer, the time of reward being come. I say again, bring thy end home; put thyself in thy thoughts into the last day thou must live in this world, seriously arguing thus—How if this day were my last? What if I never see the sunrise more? How if the first voice that rings tomorrow morning in my heavy ears be, 'Arise, ye dead, and come to judgment?' Or how, if the next sight I see with mine eyes be the Lord in the clouds, with all his angels, raining floods of fire and brimstone upon the world? Am I in a case where I am thus near my end? To hear this trump of God? Or to see this great appearance of this great God and the Lord Jesus Christ? Will my profession, or the faith I think I have, carry me through all the trials of God's tribunal? Cannot his eyes, which are as a flame of fire, see in my words, thoughts, and actions enough to make me culpable of the wrath of God? O, how serious should sinners be in this work of remembering things to come, of laying to their heart the greatness and terror of that notable day of God Almighty, and in examining themselves, how it is like to go with their souls when they shall stand before the Judge indeed! To this end, God makes this word effectual. Amen.

Works of John Bunyan: JUSTIFICATION BY AN IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS; OR, A WORD TO NEGLECTERS OF CHRIST. 350

 

To conclude. One word to you that are neglecters of Jesus Christ: 'How shall we escape if we neglect so great salvation?' Here, we may see how we ought to judge all such persons as neglecting the Lord Jesus, under whatever guise, name, or notion they are. We ought, I say, to judge of such, that they are at present in a state of condemnation; of condemnation, 'because they have not believed in the only-begotten Son of God' (John 3:18). It is true; there is no man more at ease in his mind, with such ease as it is, than the man that hath not closed with the Lord Jesus, but is shut up in unbelief. O! but that is the man that stands convict before God, and that is bound over to the great assize; that is the man whose sins are still his own, and upon whom the wrath of God abided (v 36); for the ease and peace of such, though it keeps them far from fear, is but like to that of the secure thief, that is ignorant that the constable stands at the door; the first sight of an officer makes his peace to give up the ghost (1 John 5:12). Ah, how many thousands that can now glory that they never were troubled for sin against God; I say, how many be there that God will trouble worse than he troubled cursed Achan, because their peace, though false, and of the devil, was rather chosen by them than peace by Jesus Christ, than 'peace with God by the blood of his cross' (Col 1:20). Awake, careless sinners, awake! And arise from the dead, and Christ shall give you light. Content not yourselves either with sin or righteousness, if you be destitute of Jesus Christ, but cry, cry, O cry to God for light to see your condition by; for light in the Word of God, for therein is the righteousness of God revealed (Eph 5:14). Cry, therefore, for light to see this righteousness by; it is a righteousness of Christ's finishing, of God's accepting, and that which alone can save the soul from the stroke of eternal justice! (Rom 1:17).

There are six things that, on man's part, are the cause he receives, not the gospel of Christ, and so life by him—1. They do not see their state by nature, how polluted they are with original sin (Eph 2:2). 2. They do not see the justice of God against sin; they do not know him that hath said, 'Vengeance belongs unto me, I will recompense' (Heb 10:30). 3. They cannot see the beauty of Jesus Christ (2 Cor 4:4). 4. they dare not venture their souls with Jesus Christ, unbelief being mighty in them. They dare not trust his righteousness and to that only (Rev 21:8). For, 5. Their carnal reason also sets itself against the word of faith and cannot stoop to the grace of Jesus Christ (1 Cor 2:14). 6. They love to have honored one another; they love to be commended for their own vain-glorious righteousness, and the fools think that because they are commended of men, they shall be commended of God also: 'How can ye believe, which receive honor one of another, and seek not the honor that cometh from God only?' (John 5:44). This last thing—to wit, the desire of vain-glory, is the bane of thousands; it is the legalist's bane, it is the civilian's bane, it is the formalist's bane, yea, which yet is stranger, it is the bane of the vicious and debauched also; for though there be a generation that, to one's thinking, have not regard to righteousness, yet watch them narrowly, and they have their times of doing something that looks like good, and though possibly it is but seldom, yet this wretch counted that, for the sake of that, God accepted him, and counted his, glorious righteousness. I might add a seventh cause: the desire for serious meditation upon the eternal judgment and what shall follow. If it took a deep place in the heart, this consideration would doubtless produce these workings of spirit after Jesus Christ for justification that now are wanted in most men. This made Felix, yea, it makes the devils, tremble; and would, I say, could thou deeply meditate, make thee start and turn thy wanton thoughts into heavy sighs after God's mercy in Jesus Christ, lest thou also come into their place of torment.

Works of John Bunyan: JUSTIFICATION BY AN IMPUTED RIGHTEOUSNESS; OR, THAT MEN CAN BE JUSTIFIED FROM THE CURSE BEFORE GOD. 349

 

First, the first sort, though they may seek life, yet thus continue, are never likely to find it. Wherefore? Because they seek it not by faith but, as it were, by the works of the law. Indeed, they will not be merit-mongers; they will not wholly trust the law; they will partly venture on Christ and partly trust the law. Well, but therefore they shall be damned because they trust to Christ but in part, and in part, as it were, to the works of the law; for such sinners make Christ but a Saviour in part—why, then, should he be their Saviour in whole? No; because they halt between Christ and the law, they shall fall between Christ and the law; yea, because they will trust to their works in part, they shall be but almost saved by Christ. Let not that man think that he shall obtain anything from the Lord. What man? Why did he doubt or waver in his mind about the truth of the mercy of God in Christ? Therefore, the exhortation is, 'But let him ask in faith.—For he that wavered,' or, that halted between the law and Christ for life, 'is like a wave of the sea, driven off the wind and tossed' (James 1:6). In conclusion, he resteth nowhere—a double-minded man is unstable in all his ways' (v 8). This man, therefore, must miscarry; he must not see the good land that flows with milk and honey; no, let him not have thought of life in his heart; let not that man think that he shall receive anything of the Lord.

This was the case of many in the primitive times, for whose sake this caution was written; for the devout and religious Jew and proselyte, when they fell away from the word of the gospel, they did not fall to those gross and abominable pollutions in which the open profane, like sows and swine, do wallow, but they fell from the grace of God to the law; or, at least, did rest betwixt them both, doubting of the sufficiency of either; and thus, being fearful, they distrust; wherefore, being found at length unbelieving, they are reputed of God abominable, as murderers, whoremongers, sorcerers, idolators, and liars, and so must have their portion in the lake, with them, that burns with fire and brimstone (Rev 21:8). The reason is, because where Christ is rejected sin remaineth, and so the wrath of God for sin. Neither will he be a Saviour in part; he must be all thy salvation or none. 'Let not that man think that he shall receive anything of the Lord' (James 1:7; John 3:36). Not anything. There is no promise for him, no pardon for him, no heaven for him, no salvation for him, no escaping of his fire! What condition is this man in? Yet he is a religious man, for he prays; he is a seeking man, a desiring man, for he prays; but he halts between two, leaneth to his righteousness, and committeth iniquity. He is afraid to venture all upon the Lord Jesus Christ. Let not that man think of receiving anything from the Lord!

Yet the words suggest that he is apt to think he shall receive something because God is merciful because his promise is great, but this expectation is, by this word, cut off, and this sinner is cast away. Let not that man think, let him forbear to think, of having anything at the hand of God. The Israelites thought to go up to the land the day after they had despised it. Agag thought the bitterness of death was past, even that day in which he was hewn to pieces. Rechab and Baanah, his brother, thought to have received the reward of David that day they were hanged over the pool in Hebron. Let not that man think he shall receive anything from the Lord (Num 14:40-45; 1 Sam 15:32,33; 2 Sam 4:12).

Second. As for those that professedly deny the sufficiency of this most blessed righteousness, the whole book is a conviction to them and shall assuredly, if it comes to their hands, rise up in judgment against them. They have rejected the wisdom and mercy of God; they have rejected the means of their salvation; they have trampled upon the blood of the Son of God; wherefore judgment waiteth for them, and fiery indignation, which shall devour the adversaries.